Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: A 14-Year Hospital-Based Study.

MEDS, REMS, and NEWS could be prognostic tools for the prediction of the clinical outcomes of patients with EPN. MEDS showed the best sound performance. In those with higher scores in MEDS (≥12), REMS (≥10), and NEWS (≥8), we recommended aggressive management and appropriate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible to reduce mortality. Further large-scale studies are required to gain a deep understanding of this disease and to ensure patient safety.