Symptomatic smokers without COPD have physiological changes heralding the development of COPD.
Erica BazzanUmberto SemenzatoGraziella TuratoDavide BiondiniPablo CuberoMarta Marin-OtoMarta FornerMariaenrica TinèAlvise CasaraSimonetta BaraldoPaolo SpagnoloJose Maria Marin TrigoMarina SaettaManuel G CosioPublished in: ERJ open research (2022)
The MMEF, a functional test available in a routine spirometry, can detect early lung abnormalities and identify the subset of symptomatic smokers with pathological changes that might lead to COPD.