A preoperative nomogram for sepsis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy treating solitary, unilateral and proximal ureteral stones.

Patients with certain preoperative characteristics, such as female, lower AGR, positive urine culture, and leukocytosis, who undergo PCNL may have a higher risk of developing sepsis. A cautious preoperative evaluation and optimized treatment strategy should be considered in these patients to minimize infectious complications.