Hemodynamics in a three-dimensional printed aortic model: a comparison of four-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance and image-based computational fluid dynamics.

This study compared the characteristics of PC-MRI and CFD through a phantom study that only included controllable experimental parameters. Based on these results, 4D PC-MRI and CFD are powerful tools for analyzing blood flow patterns in vivo. However, there is room for future developments to improve velocity measurement accuracy.