Multilayer diffusion modeling and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy for spatially resolved water diffusion measurements in human skin.

In this work using Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy, it was possible to directly measure the time dependent, spatially resolved change in concentration of water (D 2 O) in intact skin tissue with a spatial resolution of under 1 μm, and combined with a multilayer diffusion model, diffusion coefficients at different depths in the tissue were extracted. The results show that the diffusion varies at different layers throughout the Stratum Corneum (SC), indicating that the SC is not a homogeneous barrier but a complicated heterogeneous structure. Interestingly, averaging over the diffusion at the different depths and samples gave a relatively constant value of 0.047 ± 0.01 μm 2 /second. Treating the skin with acetone or tape stripping led to an increased diffusion coefficient of 0.064 ± 0.02 μm 2 /second and 0.079 ± 0.03 μm 2 /second, respectively. The combined method and model presented here shows potential for wide applications for measuring spatially resolved diffusion of different substances in a variety of different samples.