An LLTO-containing heterogeneous composite electrolyte with a stable interface for solid-state lithium metal batteries.

The interaction between Li 0.33 La 0.56 TiO 3 (LLTO) and metallic lithium leads to severe interfacial instability of LLTO-containing solid-state electrolytes with a lithium metal anode. To improve the interfacial stability, a heterogeneous composite electrolyte PVDF-HFP@LLTO/PEO (PLTP) is designed and fabricated with a PEO electrolyte layer adhered to the PVDF-HFP@LLTO (PLT) electrolyte membrane. The PLTP heterogeneous composite electrolyte exhibits a superior ionic conductivity of 3.23 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 60 °C and a highly stable electrochemical window of up to 4.7 V ( vs . Li/Li + ). Remarkably, taking advantage of the effective protection of the PEO electrolyte layer, the chemical stability at the electrolyte/lithium metal anode interface is significantly enhanced. As a result, solid-state Li||LiFePO 4 and Li||LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 batteries with the heterogeneous electrolyte exhibit an impressive electrochemical performance with high Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling capability. The strengthened interfacial stability enables the heterogeneous electrolyte to be a promising alternative for the further development of solid-state lithium metal batteries.