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Synthesis, antileishmanial, antimalarial evaluation and molecular docking study of some hydrazine-coupled pyrazole derivatives.

Halefom Gebreselasse BerheYihenew Simegniew BirhanBotros Youssef BeshayHuda Jawad HabibAriaya HymeteAdnan Ahmed Bekhit
Published in: BMC chemistry (2024)
Pyrazole-bearing compounds are known for their diverse pharmacological effects including potent antileishmanial and antimalarial activities. Herein, some hydrazine-coupled pyrazoles were successfully synthesized and their structures were verified by employing elemental microanalysis, FTIR, and 1 H NMR techniques. The in vitro antileishmanial and in vivo antimalarial activities of the synthesized pyrazole derivatives (9-15) were evaluated against Leishmania aethiopica clinical isolate and Plasmodium berghei infected mice, respectively. The result revealed that compound 13 displayed superior antipromastigote activity (IC 50  = 0.018) that was 174- and 2.6-fold more active than the standard drugs miltefosine (IC 50  = 3.130) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (IC 50  = 0.047). The molecular docking study conducted on Lm-PTR1, complexed with Trimethoprim was acquired from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID:2bfm), justified the better antileishmanial activity of compound 13. Furthermore, the target compounds 14 and 15 elicited better inhibition effects against Plasmodium berghei with 70.2% and 90.4% suppression, respectively. In conclusion, the hydrazine-coupled pyrazole derivatives may be considered potential pharmacophores for the preparation of safe and effective antileishmanial and antimalarial agents.
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