Tear film layers and meibomian gland assessment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a noninvasive ocular surface analyzer: a cross-sectional case-control study.

María-Carmen Silva-VigueraAlicia Pérez-BareaMaría-José Bautista-Llamas

Published in: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie (2022)

Patients with T1DM without signs of retinopathy showed involvement of the mucoaqueous and lipid layers of the tear film, as well as a higher percentage of MGL, using a noninvasive analyzer. Dry eye disease in people with T1DM cannot be ruled out by anamnesis and subjective symptom questionnaires alone; therefore, these patients should undergo regular anterior pole examinations.

Keyphrases

end stage renal disease
newly diagnosed
ejection fraction
chronic kidney disease
prognostic factors
room temperature
peritoneal dialysis
reduced graphene oxide
patient reported outcomes
gold nanoparticles
skeletal muscle
depressive symptoms
weight loss
ionic liquid