Childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth and their predictors in adolescent and adult pregnant women referring to health centres of Urmia-Iran: a cross-sectional study.

This study showed that adolescent pregnant women had more fear of childbirth and low self-efficacy than adult mothers, and there was also a relationship between fear of childbirth and self-efficacy. Paying more attention to fear and self-efficacy in childbirth and their predictors by health providers can improve pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.