Gross, ultrastructural, and histological characterizations of pecten oculi of the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus): New insights into its scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

The current study shows the first attempts to clarify the gross, ultrastructure, and histological properties of the pecten oculi of the diurnal, visually active glossy ibis, as well as scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) image analysis (Plegadis falcinellus). The pecten oculi was found on the eyeball's posteroinferior wall, adjacent to the optic nerve in both the craniocaudal and posterio-anterior directions. The plicated quadrilateral black pigmented pecten oculi consisted of a base, 10-12 pleats, and an apex. The base was joined by an elevated ridge and derived from the non-vascular retina, while the apex was not a fused part and was found neighboring the gelatinous vitreous body. The limited interpleat spaces were somewhat wider at the base of the pecten oculi. The outer surface of each highly vascular pecten pleat revealed a tortious coiled formation due to the existence of a considerable number of capillary vessels. The outer pleat surfaces had a vitreopecteneal limiting membrane that segregated the pecten pleats from the vitreous body. The high SEM magnification revealed that there are considerable plentiful hyalocyte cells on the outer surface of the pleats. The SEM-EDX analysis of the elementary formatting of the pecten oculi (at apex, middle, and base) clarified that the carbon represents the highest and a half percent. Furthermore, oxygen represents one-third of all elemental composition in the three regions, while the lowest percentage is calcium. Finally, the pecten oculi characterizations of this migratory bird on the Northern Egyptian shore were associated with their adaptive dietary strategies.