Direct Conversion of Methane to C 2 Hydrocarbons in Solid-State Membrane Reactors at High Temperatures.
Vivian Vazquez ThyssenVanessa Bezerra VilelaDaniel Zanetti de FlorioAndre Santarosa FerlautoFabio Coral FonsecaPublished in: Chemical reviews (2021)
Direct conversion of methane to C 2 compounds by oxidative and nonoxidative coupling reactions has been intensively studied in the past four decades; however, because these reactions have intrinsic severe thermodynamic constraints, they have not become viable industrially. Recently, with the increasing availability of inexpensive "green electrons" coming from renewable sources, electrochemical technologies are gaining momentum for reactions that have been challenging for more conventional catalysis. Using solid-state membranes to control the reacting species and separate products in a single step is a crucial advantage. Devices using ionic or mixed ionic-electronic conductors can be explored for methane coupling reactions with great potential to increase selectivity. Although these technologies are still in the early scaling stages, they offer a sustainable path for the utilization of methane and benefit from the advances in both solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers. This review identifies promising developments for solid-state methane conversion reactors by assessing multifunctional layers with microstructural control; combining solid electrolytes (proton and oxygen ion conductors) with active and selective electrodes/catalysts; applying more efficient reactor designs; understanding the reaction/degradation mechanisms; defining standards for performance evaluation; and carrying techno-economic analysis.
Keyphrases
- solid state
- anaerobic digestion
- carbon dioxide
- induced apoptosis
- electron transfer
- room temperature
- dna methylation
- drug delivery
- ionic liquid
- multiple sclerosis
- risk assessment
- oxidative stress
- early onset
- wastewater treatment
- human health
- cancer therapy
- climate change
- metal organic framework
- structural basis
- aqueous solution
- drug induced