Genital and systemic immune effects of the injectable, contraceptive norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), in South African women.

Refilwe P MolatlhegiSamkelisiwe NgcoboLenine J P LiebenbergSinaye NgcapuAmanda MabhulaAlasdair LeslieNobuhle MchunuMthobisi M ZondiJohn H AdamsonKatya GovenderNatasha SamsunderSalim S Abdool KarimQuarraisha Abdool KarimJo-Ann S PassmoreAida SivroLyle R McKinnon

Published in: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) (2021)

Detectable NET-EN was associated with reduced growth factors in the plasma and genital tract; particularly G-CSF and M-CSF. Our results suggest that while NET-EN is not inflammatory, it may have important immunological effects.

Keyphrases

polycystic ovary syndrome
oxidative stress
type diabetes
pregnant women
adipose tissue
insulin resistance
drug induced