Dietary choline and betaine; associations with subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk and incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease and stroke: the Jackson Heart Study.
Heather R MillardSolomon K MusaniDaniel T DibabaSameera A TalegawkarHerman A TaylorKatherine L TuckerAurelian BidulescuPublished in: European journal of nutrition (2016)
Among our African-American participants, higher dietary choline intake was associated with a lower risk of incident ischemic stroke, and thus putative dietary benefits. Higher dietary betaine intake was associated with a nonlinear higher risk of incident CHD.