Providing Enhanced Migration Time Reproducibility with a High-Voltage-Compatible Flow Sensor for Capillary Electrophoresis.

In capillary electrophoresis (CE), analyte identification is primarily based on migration time, which is a function of the analyte's electrophoretic mobility and the electro-osmotic flow (EOF). The migration time can be impacted by the presence of parasitic flow from changes in temperature or pressure during the run. Presented here is a high-voltage-compatible flow sensor capable of monitoring the volumetric flow inside the capillary during a separation with nL/min resolution. The direct measurement of both flow and time allows for compensation of flow instabilities. By expressing the electropherogram in terms of signal versus electromigration velocity instead of time, it is possible to improve the run-to-run reproducibility up to 25×.