Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Governing Embryonic Epicardium Formation.
Rita CarmonaCarmen Lopez-SanchezVirginio García-MartínezVirginio Garcia-LópezRamon Muñoz-ChápuliEstefanía Lozano-VelascoDiego FrancoPublished in: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease (2023)
The embryonic epicardium originates from the proepicardium, an extracardiac primordium constituted by a cluster of mesothelial cells. In early embryos, the embryonic epicardium is characterized by a squamous cell epithelium resting on the myocardium surface. Subsequently, it invades the subepicardial space and thereafter the embryonic myocardium by means of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Within the myocardium, epicardial-derived cells present multilineage potential, later differentiating into smooth muscle cells and contributing both to coronary vasculature and cardiac fibroblasts in the mature heart. Over the last decades, we have progressively increased our understanding of those cellular and molecular mechanisms driving proepicardial/embryonic epicardium formation. This study provides a state-of-the-art review of the transcriptional and emerging post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in the formation and differentiation of the embryonic epicardium.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell cycle arrest
- squamous cell
- coronary artery disease
- heart failure
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- heart rate
- left ventricular
- blood pressure
- magnetic resonance
- atrial fibrillation
- risk assessment
- cell death
- magnetic resonance imaging
- computed tomography
- heat shock
- aortic valve
- transforming growth factor
- human health
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- aortic stenosis
- ejection fraction
- heat stress