Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Diabetes.
Aikaterini AndreadiPietro LodesertoFederica TodaroMeloni MarcoMaria RomanoAlessandro MinasiAlfonso BelliaDavide LauroPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Nanomedicine could improve the treatment of diabetes by exploiting various therapeutic mechanisms through the use of suitable nanoformulations. For example, glucose-sensitive nanoparticles can release insulin in response to high glucose levels, mimicking the physiological release of insulin. Oral nanoformulations for insulin uptake via the gut represent a long-sought alternative to subcutaneous injections, which cause pain, discomfort, and possible local infection. Nanoparticles containing oligonucleotides can be used in gene therapy and cell therapy to stimulate insulin production in β-cells or β-like cells and modulate the responses of T1DM-associated immune cells. In contrast, viral vectors do not induce immunogenicity. Finally, in diabetic wound healing, local delivery of nanoformulations containing regenerative molecules can stimulate tissue repair and thus provide a valuable tool to treat this diabetic complication. Here, we describe these different approaches to diabetes treatment with nanoformulations and their potential for clinical application.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- cell therapy
- cardiovascular disease
- gene therapy
- wound healing
- stem cells
- high glucose
- blood glucose
- endothelial cells
- sars cov
- pain management
- magnetic resonance imaging
- spinal cord injury
- blood pressure
- insulin resistance
- drug delivery
- combination therapy
- cancer therapy
- computed tomography
- weight loss
- replacement therapy
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- bone marrow