Potassium Metal as Reliable Reference Electrodes of Nonaqueous Potassium Cells.
Tomooki HosakaShotaro MuratsubakiKei KubotaHiroo OnumaShinichi KomabaPublished in: The journal of physical chemistry letters (2019)
Potassium metal electrochemical cells are widely utilized to examine potassium insertion materials for nonaqueous potassium-ion batteries. However, large polarization during K plating-stripping and unstable rest potential are found at the potassium electrodes, which leads to an underestimation of the electrochemical performance of insertion materials. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of K-metal electrodes is systematically investigated. Electrolyte salts, solvents, and additives influence the polarization of K metals. Although a highly concentrated electrolyte of 3.9 M KN(SO2F)2/1,2-dimethoxyethane realizes the smallest polarization of 25 mV among all the electrolytes investigated in this study, the polarization of K metals is still larger than those of Li and Na metals. The issue of inaccurate rest potential is solved by pretreating the K electrodes with a plating-stripping process, which is essential in evaluating the intrinsic electrode performance of potassium insertion materials.
Keyphrases
- ionic liquid
- ion batteries
- solid state
- induced apoptosis
- human health
- gold nanoparticles
- carbon nanotubes
- reduced graphene oxide
- cell cycle arrest
- health risk
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- label free
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- capillary electrophoresis
- high resolution
- tandem mass spectrometry