Genetic analyses implicate complex links between adult testosterone levels and health and disease.

Jaakko T Leinonen Nina J MarsLeevi E LehtonenAri Ahola-OlliSanni E Ruotsalainen Terho LehtimäkiMika KähönenOlli Raitakarinull nullAnnemieke HoekMark DalyTiinamaija TuomiSamuli Ripatti Matti Pirinen Taru Tukiainen

Published in: Communications medicine (2023)

Overall, these findings provide insight into how genetically determined testosterone correlates with several health parameters in both sexes. Yet the lack of evidence for a causal contribution to most traits beyond sex-specific health underscores the complexity of the mechanisms linking testosterone levels to disease risk and sex differences.

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public health
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mental health
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childhood cancer