Recent Progress in Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Its Antiviral Efficacy.
Yihan ChenZhengxin ChenYingying ZhuYuxi WenChao ZhaoWanmeng MuPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2024)
Gastrointestinal (GI)-associated viruses, including rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NV), and enterovirus, usually invade host cells, transmit, and mutate their genetic information, resulting in influenza-like symptoms, acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis, or even death. The unique structures of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) enable them to shape the gut microbial diversity and endogenous immune system of human infants. Growing evidence suggests that HMOs can enhance host resistance to GI-associated viruses but without a systematic summary to review the mechanism. The present review examines the lactose- and neutral-core HMOs and their antiviral effects in the host. The potential negative impacts of enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and other GI viruses on children are extensive and include neurological sequelae, neurodevelopmental retardation, and cognitive decline. However, the differences in the binding affinity of HMOs for GI viruses are vast. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms and positive effects of HMOs against different viruses may facilitate the development of novel HMO derived oligosaccharides.
Keyphrases
- human milk
- cognitive decline
- low birth weight
- endothelial cells
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- induced apoptosis
- genetic diversity
- young adults
- microbial community
- liver failure
- gene expression
- respiratory failure
- signaling pathway
- risk assessment
- blood brain barrier
- sleep quality
- social media
- transcription factor
- hepatitis b virus
- cerebral ischemia
- mechanical ventilation