Virtual Reality Simulation for the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: A Validation Study.
Carolyn LaiJustin T LuiMadeleine de Lotbinière-BassettJoseph M ChenVincent Y LinSumit Kishore AgrawalNikolas H BlevinsHanif M LadakFarhad PirouzmandPublished in: Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) (2023)
This MCF VR simulation created using CardinalSim demonstrated face and content validities. Construct validity was not established because no trainee included in the study had previous MCF approach experience, which further emphasizes the importance of simulation. When used as a formative educational adjunct in both Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, this simulation has the potential to enhance understanding of the complex anatomic relationships of critical neurovascular structures.