Sacral Neuromodulation for Lower Urinary Tract and Bowel Dysfunction in Animal Models: A Systematic Review With Focus on Stimulation Parameter Selection.
Perla DouvenRoman AssmannStephanie O BreukinkJarno MelenhorstJos KleijnenElbert A JoostenGommert A Van KoeveringePublished in: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society (2020)
The results of this systematic review indicate that SNM has a positive therapeutic effect on lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction. Using low-frequency-SNM, high-frequency-SNM, bilateral SNM, and higher pulse widths showed beneficial effects on storage and evacuation dysfunction in animal studies. An increased variability of stimulation parameters may serve as a basis for future improvement of the effect of SNM in patients suffering from urinary tract or bowel dysfunction.