Catalytic electrodes' characterization study serving polluted water treatment: environmental healthcare and ecological risk assessment.

Pesticide residues in the environment have irreparable effects on human health and other organisms. Hence, it is necessary to treat and degrade them from polluted water. In the current work, the electrochemical removal of the fenitrothion (FT), trifluralin (TF), and chlorothalonil (CT) pesticides were performed by catalytic electrode. The characteristics of SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 3 , PbO 2 , and Bi-PbO 2 electrodes were described by FE-SEM and XRD. Dynamic electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, accelerated life, and linear polarization were employed to investigate the electrochemical performance of fabricated electrodes. Moreover, evaluate the risk of toxic metals release from the catalytic electrode during treatment process was investigated. The maximum degradation efficiency of 99.8, 100, and 100% for FT, TF, and CT was found under the optimal condition of FT, TF, and CT concentration 15.0 mg L -1 , pH 7.0, current density 7.0 mA cm -2 , and electrolysis time of 120 min. The Bi-PbO 2 , PbO 2 , and SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 3 electrodes revealed the oxygen evolution potential of 2.089, 1.983, 1.914 V, and the service lifetime of 82, 144, and 323 h, respectively. The results showed that after 5.0 h of electrolysis, none of the heavy metals such as Bi, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Ti were detected in the treated solution.