Simultaneous Determination of Fluoroquinolones and Sulfonamides Originating from Sewage Sludge Compost.
Karin KipperM LillenbergK HerodesL NeiE HaibaPublished in: TheScientificWorldJournal (2017)
A simultaneous method for quantitative determination of traces of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in edible plants fertilized with sewage sludge was developed. The compounds were extracted from the plants by rapid and simple liquid extraction followed by extracts clean-up using solid phase extraction. The eluent additive 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol was used for liquid chromatographic detection to achieve separation of structurally similar antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Identification and quantification of the compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. Method was validated and extraction recoveries of FQs and SAs ranged from 66% to 93%. The limit of quantifications was from 5 ng/g in the case of ofloxacin to 40 ng/g for norfloxacin. The method precision ranged from 1.43% to 2.61%. The developed novel method was used to evaluate the plats antimicrobial uptake (potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.)) from soil and migration of the analytes inside the plants.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- high performance liquid chromatography
- simultaneous determination
- sewage sludge
- liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- tandem mass spectrometry
- molecularly imprinted
- mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography
- heavy metals
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- anaerobic digestion
- municipal solid waste
- ionic liquid
- high resolution
- staphylococcus aureus
- transcription factor
- pseudomonas aeruginosa