Research progress in the application of colloidal motors for precision medicine.

Colloidal motors have unique capabilities of self-propulsion, cargo loading and active target delivery, and have great potential for precision disease therapy. Currently, colloidal motors with different functions have been designed for diverse disease treatments. However, the application of colloidal motors in precision disease treatment is still in the exploratory stage and faces many practical challenges. This review highlights the therapeutic functions of colloidal motors, such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic, immune activation and hemostasis functions. Furthermore, the application progress of multifunctional colloidal motors in various diseases has also been summarized, including cerebral diseases, ophthalmic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases and bladder diseases. Finally, the current limitations and challenges of colloidal motors as well as future research directions are discussed. This review aims to help readers become clearly acquainted with the achievements of colloidal motors that have been made in disease treatment and to promote the further development of colloidal motors in clinical medicine.