Nitrosative Stress in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle in Spaceflight.
Dieter BlottnerManuela MoriggiGabor TrautmannSandra FurlanKatharina BlockMartina GutsmannEnrica TorrettaPietro BarbaciniDaniele CapitanioJoern RittwegerUlrich LimperPompeo VolpeCecilia GelfiMichele SalanovaPublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, metabolic, mitochondrial) that were over-nitrosylated post- vs. preflight. In a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (9 ISS days), s-nitrosylation of a nodal protein of the glycolytic flux, specific proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory chain, and over-nitrosylation of creatine kinase M-types as signs of impaired ATP production and muscle contraction proteins were seen. S-nitrosylation of serotransferrin (TF) or carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3b and 3c) represented signs of acute response microgravity muscle maladaptation. LDM nitrosoprofiles reflected recovery of mitochondrial activity, contraction proteins, and iron transporter TF as signs of muscle adaptation to microgravity. Nitrosated antioxidant proteins, alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR), and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) levels indicated signs of altered redox homeostasis and reduced protection from nitrosative stress in spaceflight. This work presents a novel spaceflight-generated dataset on s-nitrosylated muscle protein signatures from astronauts that helps both to better understand the structural and molecular networks associated to muscular nitrosative stress and to design countermeasures to dysfunction and impaired performance control in human spaceflight missions.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- nitric oxide synthase
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- nitric oxide
- endothelial cells
- high resolution
- stress induced
- squamous cell carcinoma
- metabolic syndrome
- adipose tissue
- protein kinase
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- genome wide
- respiratory failure
- body composition
- small molecule
- single cell
- locally advanced
- mass spectrometry
- high intensity
- respiratory tract
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- resistance training