Efflux Pump Inhibitor Potentiates the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii .
Zahra ShirdelZahra FekriradPublished in: Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery (2024)
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii , a nosocomial pathogen, poses a major public health problem due to generating resistance to several antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) employs a nontoxic dye as a photosensitizer (PS) and light to produce reactive oxygen species that destroy bacterial cells. The intracellular concentration of PS could be affected by factors such as the function of efflux pumps to emit PS from the cytosol. Objective: To evaluate the augmentation effect of an efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil, three multidrug-resistant A. baumannii were subjected to APDI by erythrosine B (EB). Methods and results: The combination of EB and verapamil along with irradiation at 530 nm induced a lethal effect and more than 3 log colony-forming unit reduction to all A. baumannii strains in planktonic state. In contrast, EB and irradiation alone could produce only a sublethal effect on two of the strains. Conclusions: These data suggest that verapamil increases the intracellular concentration of EB, which potentiates the lethal efficacy of APDI. Verapamil could be applied with EB and green light to improve their antimicrobial efficacy against A. baumannii -localized infections.
Keyphrases
- acinetobacter baumannii
- multidrug resistant
- drug resistant
- reactive oxygen species
- staphylococcus aureus
- gram negative
- public health
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- photodynamic therapy
- escherichia coli
- cancer therapy
- magnetic resonance
- electronic health record
- high glucose
- candida albicans
- cell cycle arrest
- cystic fibrosis
- drug delivery
- cell proliferation
- endothelial cells
- drug induced
- signaling pathway
- soft tissue