Diminished circulating concentration of interleukin-35 in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with peptic ulcer: Its association with FOXP3 gene polymorphism, bacterial virulence factor CagA, and gender of patients.

Decreased IL-35 levels could be involved in PU development in H. pylori-infected individuals. IL-35 levels are affected by CagA status of H. pylori, participants gender, and genetic variations at rs3761548. The AA genotype and A allele at rs3761548 could represent a risk factor for PU development.