Renal Pseudoaneurysm with Associated Arteriovenous Fistula as a Cause of Delayed Bleeding after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Case Report and Current Literature Review.

Late hemorrhagic complications after PNL can be severe. Rapid identification of a renal PA and AVF with SAE has a high success rate and low complication rate, avoiding prolonged hospitalization time and major renal surgery for this patient.