Ginger Root Extract Improves GI Health in Diabetic Rats by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Mitochondrial Function.
Rui WangJulianna Maria SantosJannette M DufourEmily R StephensJonathan M MirandaRachel L WashburnTaylor HiblerGurvinder KaurDingbo LinChwan-Li ShenPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
Background Emerging research suggests hyperglycemia can increase intestinal permeability. Ginger and its bioactive compounds have been reported to benefit diabetic animals due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we revealed the beneficial effect of gingerol-enriched ginger (GEG) on intestinal health (i.e., barrier function, mitochondrial function, and anti-inflammation) in diabetic rats. Methods Thirty-three male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: low-fat diet (control group), high-fat-diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (single low dose 35 mg/kg body weight (BW) after 2 weeks of HFD feeding) (DM group), and HFD + streptozotocin + 0.75% GEG in diet (GEG group) for 42 days. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were conducted at baseline and prior to sample collection. Total pancreatic insulin content was determined by ELISA. Total RNA of intestinal tissues was extracted for mRNA expression using qRT-PCR. Results Compared to the DM group, the GEG group had improved glucose tolerance and increased pancreatic insulin content. Compared to those without GEG (DM group), GEG supplementation (GEG group) increased the gene expression of tight junction (Claudin-3) and antioxidant capacity (SOD1), while it decreased the gene expression for mitochondrial fusion (MFN1), fission (FIS1), biogenesis (PGC-1α, TFAM), mitophagy (LC3B, P62, PINK1), and inflammation (NF-κB). Conclusions Ginger root extract improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, in part, via improving intestinal integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction of GI health.
Keyphrases
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- high fat diet
- gene expression
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- healthcare
- low dose
- anti inflammatory
- public health
- body weight
- mental health
- insulin resistance
- dna methylation
- physical activity
- endothelial cells
- cell proliferation
- blood brain barrier
- health information
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- human health
- blood pressure
- lps induced
- health promotion
- climate change
- diabetic nephropathy
- solid phase extraction