Percutaneous transhepatic treatment for biliary stricture after duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis in living donor liver transplantation: a 9-year single-center experience.

• Percutaneous transhepatic treatments are useful and effective for the treatment of biliary stricture after duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), although an endoscopic approach is available for this type of reconstruction. • Multiple drainage catheters were frequently placed in these patients because of multiple complex strictures. • We found that recurrence after drainage catheter removal was associated with isolation of the sectoral duct and with concurrent bile leaks.