[The diagnostic challenge of autoimmune encephalitis].
Giovanni Di LibertoMarjolaine UginetPatrice H LaliveRenaud A Du PasquierPublished in: Revue medicale suisse (2024)
Autoimmune encephalitis encompasses a spectrum of neurological disorders characterized by an autoimmune response directed against neurons and glia. Around two-thirds of cases exhibit autoantibodies targeting neuronal or glial antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum. The diagnosis is based on specific criteria combining a subacute clinical presentation and complementary test results. However, approximately one-quarter of patients do not present any paraclinical abnormalities, making the diagnosis complex. Testing for anti-antibodies is pivotal for diagnosis, and their interpretation should be contextual. Best practices for anti-neural antibody detection involve appropriate sample collection and confirmation of positive results in relation to the clinical picture.
Keyphrases
- multiple sclerosis
- end stage renal disease
- cerebrospinal fluid
- ejection fraction
- healthcare
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- primary care
- spinal cord
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- drug induced
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- neuropathic pain
- cerebral ischemia
- brain injury
- quantum dots
- sensitive detection
- subarachnoid hemorrhage