A case report of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder induced by pembrolizumab treatment for lung adenocarcinoma: a clinical and immunohistochemical study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors may trigger AQP4+ NMOSD owing to their molecular similarity to AQP4 expressed in lung and glial tissues. Prompt brain/spinal cord imaging and anti-AQP4 antibody testing may facilitate early diagnosis of immune-mediated adverse event in central nervous system associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.