Advances in Pd-catalyzed C-C bond formation in carbohydrates and their applications in the synthesis of natural products and medicinally relevant molecules.

Advances in the Pd-catalyzed synthesis of C -glycosides and branched sugars are summarized herein and the strategies are categorized based on named reactions or types of sugar moieties involved in the reactions. These include cross-coupling reactions, C-H activations, and carbonylative cross-coupling reactions. Applications of Pd-catalyzed C -glycosylation reactions are discussed in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules such as bergenin, papulacandin D, and SGLT2-inhibitors. Important mechanistic cycles are drawn and the mechanisms for how Pd-activates the sugar moieties for various coupling partners are discussed. The directing group-assisted C -glycosylation and some intramolecular C-H activation reactions are also included.