Adaptive feature detection from differential processing in parallel retinal pathways.
Yusuf OzuysalDavid B KastnerStephen A BaccusPublished in: PLoS computational biology (2018)
To transmit information efficiently in a changing environment, the retina adapts to visual contrast by adjusting its gain, latency and mean response. Additionally, the temporal frequency selectivity, or bandwidth changes to encode the absolute intensity when the stimulus environment is noisy, and intensity differences when noise is low. We show that the On pathway of On-Off retinal amacrine and ganglion cells is required to change temporal bandwidth but not other adaptive properties. This remarkably specific adaptive mechanism arises from differential effects of contrast on the On and Off pathways. We analyzed a biophysical model fit only to a cell's membrane potential, and verified pharmacologically that it accurately revealed the two pathways. We conclude that changes in bandwidth arise mostly from differences in synaptic threshold in the two pathways, rather than synaptic release dynamics as has previously been proposed to underlie contrast adaptation. Different efficient codes are selected by different thresholds in two independently adapting neural pathways.
Keyphrases
- magnetic resonance
- diabetic retinopathy
- optic nerve
- optical coherence tomography
- induced apoptosis
- single cell
- machine learning
- spinal cord injury
- magnetic resonance imaging
- air pollution
- cell therapy
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- neuropathic pain
- cell death
- deep learning
- health information
- real time pcr
- sensitive detection