Stoichiometry for entry and binding properties of the Env protein of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 and its evolutionary variant of macrophage-tropic HIV-1.
Xavier BonnerAmy SondgerothAmelia McCueNathan NicelyAshutosh TripathyEan SpielvogelMatthew MoeserRuian KeKarin LeidermanSarah B JosephRonald SwanstromPublished in: mBio (2024)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 normally targets CD4+ T cells for viral replication. When T cells are limiting, the virus can evolve to infect myeloid cells. The evolutionary step involves a change from requiring a high surface density of CD4 for entry to being able to infect cells with a low density of CD4, as is found on myeloid lineage cells such as macrophage and microglia. Viruses able to infect macrophages efficiently are most often found in the CNS late in the disease course, and such viruses may contribute to neurocognitive impairment. Here, we examine the CD4 binding properties of the viral Env protein to explore these two different entry phenotypes.
Keyphrases
- human immunodeficiency virus
- induced apoptosis
- antiretroviral therapy
- hepatitis c virus
- hiv infected
- cell cycle arrest
- hiv positive
- sars cov
- bone marrow
- acute myeloid leukemia
- inflammatory response
- binding protein
- dendritic cells
- blood brain barrier
- immune response
- south africa
- spinal cord
- transcription factor
- amino acid
- cell proliferation
- neuropathic pain
- men who have sex with men