MoO 3 nanowire growth on VO 2 /WO 3 for thermochromic applications.

This study explores the structural, electronic, and optical properties of sandwich-structured thin films composed of WO 3 , MoWO 3 , and MoO 3 as window layers on VO 2 /WO 3 via a physical vapor deposition method. Morphological analysis demonstrates the evolution of distinct nanowires, offering insights into the lattice strain of the VO 2 layer toward high-performance thermochromatic devices. Temperature-dependent sheet resistivity is investigated, showcasing significant improvements in conductivity for samples with MoO 3 as a window layer. The electrical and optical properties of the MoO 3 /VO 2 /WO 3 device showed a phase transition temperature ( T c ) of 36.8 °C, a transmittance luminous ( T lum ) of 54.57%, and a solar modulation ability (Δ T sol ) of 12.43. This comprehensive analysis contributes to understanding the growth of nanowires on multi-layered thin films, offering valuable insights into potential applications in bright windows.