Acute Tramadol-Induced Cellular Tolerance and Dependence of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons: An In Vivo Electrophysiological Study.

Shabnam KhodayariFirouz Ghaderi PakdelParviz ShahabiSomayyeh Naderi

Published in: Basic and clinical neuroscience (2019)

The tolerance and dependence effects of tramadol are related to the changes in the neuronal firing rate at the putative VTA-DA neurons. The acute injection of tramadol can initiate neuroadaptation on the opioid and non-opioid neurotransmission to mediate these effects.

Keyphrases

drug induced
liver failure
spinal cord
chronic pain
respiratory failure
pain management
aortic dissection
high glucose
diabetic rats
hepatitis b virus
spinal cord injury
deep brain stimulation
oxidative stress
cerebral ischemia
acute respiratory distress syndrome
stress induced