Pathophysiology of Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations: Current Understanding and Unanswered Questions.

Despite basic and translation advances, a cure for slow-flow vascular malformations remains elusive. Many questions remain unanswered, including how genotype variants result in phenotypes, and genotype-phenotype heterogeneity. Continued research into venous and lymphatic malformation pathobiology is critical in understanding the mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to vascular malformation phenotypic features.