International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes.
Hector I MichelenaAlessandro Della CorteArturo EvangelistaJoseph J MaleszewskiWilliam D EdwardsMary J RomanRichard B DevereuxBorja FernándezFederico M AschAlex J BarkerLilia M Sierra-GalanLaurent de KerchoveSusan M FernandesPaul W M FedakEvaldas GirdauskasVictoria DelgadoSuhny AbbaraEmmanuel LansacSiddharth K PrakashMalenka M BissellBogdan Alexandru PopescuMichael D HopeMarta SitgesVinod H ThouraniPhillippe PibarotKrishnaswamy ChandrasekaranPatrizio LancellottiMichael A BorgerJohn K ForrestJohn WebbDianna M MilewiczRaj R MakkarMartin B LeonStephen P SandersMichael MarklVictor A FerrariWilliam C RobertsJae-Kwan SongPhilipp BlankeCharles S WhiteSamuel C SiuLars G SvenssonAlan C BravermanJoseph BavariaThoralf M SundtGebrine El KhouryRuggero De PaulisBenjamin A EssayaghJeroen J BaxCatherine M OttoHans-Joachim Schäfersnull nullPublished in: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery (2021)
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.