Bidirectional brain-gut interactions: Involvement of noradrenergic transmission within the ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Noradrenergic transmission via β-adrenoceptors within the vBNST was involved in bidirectional brain-gut interactions. These findings suggest that gastric dysfunction may induce negative affective states via the enhanced release of noradrenaline within the vBNST which, in turn, may cause gastrointestinal impairments.