Anti-PD-1 Induces M1 Polarization in the Glioma Microenvironment and Exerts Therapeutic Efficacy in the Absence of CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells.
Ganesh RaoKhatri LathaMartina OttAria SabbaghAnantha MarisettyXiaoyang LingDaniel B ZamlerTiffany A DoucetteYuhui YangLing-Yuan KongJun WeiGregory N FullerFernando J BenavidesAdam M SonabendJames P LongShulin LiMichael CurranAmy B HeimbergerPublished in: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020)
Our results show that the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 blockade in GBM may be mediated by the innate immune system, rather than by CD8 T cells. Anti-PD-1 immunologically modulates innate immunity in the glioma microenvironment-likely a key mode of activity.