Clinical Impact of X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementary 1 (XRCC1) and the Immune Environment in Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Pathway Progression.

Increased IEL density and PD-1/PD-L1 expression correlate with cytological dysplasia progression and specifically with the XRCC1 mutation status in CRC. Our findings support a stepwise dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of adenoma carcinogenesis and an XRCC1 hypermutated phenotypic mechanism of lesions.