Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Light and Shadow in Current Knowledge.
Anna SessaSébastien MuléRaffaele BrustiaHélène RegnaultAthena Galletto PregliascoRami RhaiemVincent LeroyDaniele SommacaleAlain LucianiJulien CalderaroGiuliana AmaddeoPublished in: Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma (2022)
The subject of this narrative review is macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC). Despite their rarity, these tumours are of general interest because of their epidemiological and clinical features and for representing a distinct model of the interaction between the angiogenetic system and neoplastic cells. The MTM-HCC subtype is associated with various adverse biological and pathological parameters (the Alfa-foetoprotein (AFP) serum level, tumour size, vascular invasion, and satellite nodules) and is a key determinant of patient prognosis, with a strong and independent predictive value for early and overall tumour recurrence. Gene expression profiling has demonstrated that angiogenesis activation is a hallmark feature of MTM-HCC, with overexpression of both angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).
Keyphrases
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- endothelial cells
- genome wide
- induced apoptosis
- genome wide identification
- healthcare
- cell cycle arrest
- case report
- machine learning
- transcription factor
- cell migration
- oxidative stress
- deep learning
- free survival
- replacement therapy
- dna methylation
- adverse drug
- cell death
- signaling pathway