Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells circulate between peripheral (PB) blood and lymph node (LN) compartments, and strictly depend on microenvironmental factors for proliferation, survival and drug resistance. All cancer cells display metabolic reprogramming and CLL is no exception - though the inert status of the PB CLL cells has hampered detailed insight into these processes. We summarize previous work on reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and hypoxia, as well as the important roles of Myc, and PI3K/Akt/mTor pathways. In vitro co-culture systems and gene expression analyses have provided a partial picture of CLL LN metabolism. New broad omics techniques allow to obtain molecular and also single-cell level understanding of CLL plasticity and metabolic reprogramming. We summarize recent developments and describe the new concept of glutamine addiction for CLL, which may hold therapeutic promise.
Keyphrases
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- reactive oxygen species
- single cell
- oxidative stress
- lymph node
- heavy metals
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- rna seq
- cell proliferation
- high throughput
- machine learning
- big data
- artificial intelligence
- deep learning
- aqueous solution
- diabetic rats