What predicts individual response to language treatment in bilingual children with developmental language disorder?

The original study reported limited gains in Spanish compared to robust gains in English (Ebert et al., 2014). Treatment response in Spanish is more variable given the lack of environmental support for Spanish in the US. As a result, individual factors (including nonverbal cognition, pretreatment language levels, and demographic variables) influence treatment gains in Spanish. In contrast, strong environmental support for English supports a more consistent treatment response, with a smaller role for individual factors.