Vertebral pattern and morphology is determined during embryonic segmentation.

Kevin M SerraChristina VyzasSarah ShehreenIris ChipendoKatherine M Clifford Daniel W Youngstrom Stephen H Devoto

Published in: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists (2023)

Our data reveal that transient disruptions of embryonic segment border formation led to significant vertebral anomalies that persist through adulthood. The spacing of embryonic borders controls the length of the vertebra. The positions of embryonic borders control the positions of ribs and arches. Embryonic borders underlie fusions and divisions between adjacent spines and ribs. These data suggest that segment borders have a dominant role in vertebral development.

Keyphrases

bone mineral density
electronic health record
big data
depressive symptoms
gene expression
machine learning
blood brain barrier
artificial intelligence
brain injury