Gender Differences in Post-Operative Human Skin.

Although the impact of age, gender, and obesity on the skin wound healing process has been extensively studied, the data related to gender differences in aspects of skin scarring are limited. The present study performed on abdominal human intact and scar skin focused on determining gender differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) accumulation, and Foxn1 expression as a part of the skin response to injury. Scar skin of men showed highly increased levels of COLLAGEN 1A1 , COLLAGEN 6A3 , and ELASTIN mRNA expression, the accumulation of thick collagen I-positive fibers, and the accumulation of α-SMA-positive cells in comparison to the scar skin of women. However, post-injured skin of women displayed an increase (in comparison to post-injured men's skin) in collagen III accumulation in the scar area. On the contrary, women's skin samples showed a tendency towards higher levels of adipogenic-related genes ( PPARγ , FABP4 , LEPTIN ) than men, regardless of intact or scar skin. Intact skin of women showed six times higher levels of LEPTIN mRNA expression in comparison to men intact ( p < 0.05), men post-injured ( p < 0.05), or women post-injured scar ( p < 0.05) skin. Higher levels of FOXN1 mRNA and protein were also detected in women than in men's skin. In conclusion, the present data confirm and extend (dWAT layer) the data related to the presence of differences between men and women in the skin, particularly in scar tissues, which may contribute to the more effective and gender-tailored improvement of skin care interventions.