Effects of Elevated CO 2 on the Fitness of Three Successive Generations of Lipaphis erysimi .

To assess the effect of elevated CO 2 on the development, fecundity, and population dynamic parameters of L. erysimi , the age-stage, two-sex life table was used to predict the individual fitness and population parameters of three successive generations of L. erysimi in this study. The results show that a significantly longer total pre-adult stage before oviposition (TPOP) was observed in the third generation compared with the first generation of L. erysimi under the 800 μL/L CO 2 treatment. The fecundity is significantly lower in the 800 μL/L CO 2 treatment than that in the 400 μL/L CO 2 treatment in the third generation of L. erysimi , which indicates that elevated CO 2 had a negative effect on the individual fitness parameters of L. erysimi . Additionally, the life expectancy ( e xj ) is significantly lower under the 800 μL/L CO 2 treatment than that under the 400 μL/L CO 2 treatment in the three successive generations. A significantly higher intrinsic rate of increase ( r ) and finite rate of increase ( λ ) were found in the second generation compared with those in the first and third generations of L. erysimi under the 800 μL/L CO 2 treatment. Moreover, significantly lower r and λ were observed under the 800 μL/L CO 2 treatment compared with those under the 400 μL/L and 600 μL/L CO 2 treatments in the first generation of L. erysimi , which indicates that elevated CO 2 has a short-term effect on the population parameters ( r and λ ) of L. erysimi . Our experiment can provide the data for the comprehensive prevention and control of L. erysimi in the future with increasing CO 2 levels.