Cobalt-Catalyzed Annulation of Salicylaldehydes and Alkynes to Form Chromones and 4-Chromanones.

A unique cobalt(I)-diphosphine catalytic system has been identified for the coupling of salicylaldehyde (SA) and an internal alkyne affording a dehydrogenative annulation product (chromone) or a reductive annulation product (4-chromanone) depending on the alkyne substituents. Distinct from related rhodium(I)- and rhodium(III)-catalyzed reactions of SA and alkynes, these annulation reactions feature aldehyde C-H oxidative addition of SA and subsequent hydrometalation of the C=O bond of another SA molecule as common key steps. The reductive annulation to 4-chromanones also involves the action of Zn as a stoichiometric reductant. In addition to these mechanistic features, the Co(I) catalysis described herein is complementary to the Rh(I) - and Rh(III) -catalyzed reactions of SA and internal alkynes, particularly in the context of chromone synthesis.