The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide on Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Cytotoxicity: An Ex Vivo Study.

our findings illustrated that ascorbic acid and nicotinamide exhibit an inhibitory effect on PVL cytotoxicity and promote cell viability, as the cytotoxic effect of the toxin is postulated to be neutralized by antioxidant incubation. Further investigations are needed to assess whether these antioxidants may be viable options in PVL cytotoxicity attenuation in PVL-associated diseases.